Friday, June 30, 2023

āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠාāļœාāļģ āļļිāļŊ්āļ´āļ­් (T-āļļිāļŊ්āļ´āļ­්) āˇƒāˇ„ āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠාāļœාāļģ āļļැāļŗුāļ¸්āļšāļģ

āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠාāļœාāļģ āļļිāļŊ්āļ´āļ­් (T-āļļිāļŊ්āļ´āļ­්) āˇƒāˇ„ āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠාāļœාāļģ āļļැāļŗුāļ¸්āļšāļģ āļēāļąු āļģāļĸāļē āˇ€ිāˇƒිāļą් āˇƒිāļē āļ¸ෙāˇ„ෙāļēුāļ¸් āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āļ¸ූāļŊ්‍āļēāļšāļģāļĢāļē āˇƒāˇ„ āļ¸ුāļ¯āļŊ් āļ´්‍āļģāˇ€ාāˇ„āļē āļšāˇ…āļ¸āļąාāļšāļģāļĢāļē āļšිāļģීāļ¸ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āļąිāļšුāļ­් āļšāļģāļą āļŊāļ¯ āļĢāļē āˇƒුāļģැāļšුāļ¸්āļ´āļ­් āˇ€āļģ්āļœ āļ¯ෙāļšāļšි. āļšෙāˇƒේ āˇ€ෙāļ­āļ­්, āļ¯ෙāļš āļ…āļ­āļģ āˇƒැāļŊāļšිāļē āļēුāļ­ු āˇ€ෙāļąāˇƒ්āļšāļ¸් āļšිāˇ„ිāļ´āļēāļš් āļ­ිāļļේ:

āļšāļŊ්āļ´ිāļģීāļ¸: āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠාāļœාāļģ āļļිāļŊ්āļ´āļ­් āˇ€āļŊ āļšāļŊ්āļ´ිāļģීāļ¸ āˇ€āˇƒāļģāļš් āˇ„ෝ āļŠāļ§ āļ…āļŠු āļšාāļŊāļēāļš් āļ‡āļ­, āˇƒාāļ¸ාāļą්‍āļēāļēෙāļą් āļ¯ිāļą āļšිāˇ„ිāļ´āļēāļš āˇƒිāļ§ āˇƒāļ­ි 52 āļ¯āļš්āˇ€ා āļ´āļģාāˇƒāļēāļš āļ´āˇ€āļ­ී. āļ…āļąෙāļš් āļ…āļ­āļ§, āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠාāļœාāļģ āļļැāļŗුāļ¸්āļšāļģāˇ€āļŊ āļ¯ිāļœු āļšāļŊ්āļ´ිāļģීāļ¸āļš් āļ‡āļ­, āˇƒාāļ¸ාāļą්‍āļēāļēෙāļą් āˇ€āˇƒāļģ 10 āˇƒිāļ§ 30 āļ¯āļš්āˇ€ා āļ´āļģාāˇƒāļēāļš āļ´āˇ€āļ­ී.

āļšූāļ´āļą් āļœෙāˇ€ීāļ¸්: āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠාāļœාāļģ āļļිāļŊ්āļ´āļ­් āļ’āˇ€ාāļēේ āļ¸ුāˇ„ුāļĢāļ­ āˇ€āļ§ිāļąාāļšāļ¸āļ§ āˇ€āļ§්āļ§āļ¸āļš් āˇƒāˇ„ිāļ­āˇ€ āļąිāļšුāļ­් āļšāļģāļąු āļŊāļļāļą āļ…āļ­āļģ āˇ€āļģිāļą් āˇ€āļģ āļ´ොāļŊී āļœෙāˇ€ීāļ¸් āˇƒිāļ¯ු āļąොāļšāļģāļēි. āļ’ āˇ€ෙāļąුāˇ€āļ§, āļ†āļēෝāļĸāļšāļēා āļļිāļŊ්āļ´āļ­ āˇ€āļ§්āļ§āļ¸āļš් āļ¯ී āļ¸ිāļŊ āļ¯ී āļœැāļąීāļ¸ෙāļą් āˇƒāˇ„ āļšāļŊ් āļ´ිāļģෙāļą āˇ€ිāļ§ āˇƒāļ¸්āļ´ූāļģ්āļĢ āļ¸ුāˇ„ුāļĢāļ­ āļ…āļœāļē āļŊāļļා āļœැāļąීāļ¸ෙāļą් āļ´ොāļŊී āļ‹āļ´āļēා āļœāļąී. āļ…āļąෙāļš් āļ…āļ­āļ§, āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠාāļœාāļģ āļļැāļŗුāļ¸්āļšāļģ āļšāļŊ්āļ´ිāļģීāļ¸ේāļ¯ී āļ¸ුāˇ„ුāļĢāļ­ āˇ€āļ§ිāļąාāļšāļ¸ āļ†āļ´āˇƒු āļŊāļļා āļ¯ීāļ¸āļ§ āļ…āļ¸āļ­āļģāˇ€, āļšāļŊ් āļ´ිāļģෙāļą āļ­ෙāļš් āļļැāļŗුāļ¸්āļšāļģ āļ¯āļģāļą්āļąාāļ§ āļšාāļŊාāļąුāļģූāļ´ී āļ´ොāļŊී (āļšූāļ´āļą්) āļœෙāˇ€ීāļ¸්.

āļ…āˇ€āļ¯ාāļąāļ¸් āˇƒāˇ„ āļ´්‍āļģāļ­ිāļŊාāļˇ: āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠාāļœාāļģ āļļිāļŊ්āļ´āļ­් āˇƒාāļ¸ාāļą්‍āļēāļēෙāļą් āˇƒුāļģāļš්āˇ‚ිāļ­āļ¸ āļ†āļēෝāļĸāļą āļš්‍āļģāļ¸āļē āļŊෙāˇƒ āˇƒැāļŊāļšෙāļą්āļąේ āļ’āˇ€ාāļ§ āļģāļĸāļēේ āļ´ූāļģ්āļĢ āˇ€ිāˇ්āˇ€ාāˇƒāļē āˇƒāˇ„ āļĢāļē āļ†āļ°ාāļģ āļŊැāļļෙāļą āļļැāˇ€ිāļąි. āļ”āˇ€ුāļą්āļ§ āļšෙāļ§ි āļšāļŊ්āļ´ිāļģීāļ¸āļš් āļ‡āļ­ි āļļැāˇ€ිāļą්, āļ´ොāļŊී āļ…āļąුāļ´ාāļ­ āļ‹āļ ්āļ ාāˇ€āļ āļąāļēāļą්āļ§ āļ…āļŠු āˇƒංāˇ€ේāļ¯ී āļļāˇ€āļš් āļ¯ āļ¯āļš්āˇ€āļēි. āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠාāļœාāļģ āļļැāļŗුāļ¸්āļšāļģ, āļ’āˇ€ාāļēේ āļ¯ිāļœු āļšāļŊ්āļ´ිāļģීāļ¸āļ­් āˇƒāļ¸āļŸ, āˇ€ැāļŠි āļ´ොāļŊී āļ…āļąුāļ´ාāļ­ āļ…āˇ€āļ¯ාāļąāļ¸āļš් āļ¯āļģāļēි. āļ’āˇ€ා āļ­āˇ€āļ¸āļ­් āˇƒාāļ´ේāļš්āˇ‚āˇ€ āļ…āļŠු āļ…āˇ€āļ¯ාāļąāļ¸් āļ†āļēෝāļĸāļą āļŊෙāˇƒ āˇƒāļŊāļšāļąු āļŊැāļļුāˇ€āļ¯, āļ´ොāļŊී āļ…āļąුāļ´ාāļ­āˇ€āļŊ āˇ€ෙāļąāˇƒ්āˇ€ීāļ¸් āˇ€āļŊāļ§ āļ´්‍āļģāļ­ිāļ ාāļģ āˇ€āˇāļēෙāļą් āļ’āˇ€ාāļēේ āļ¸ිāļŊ āˇ€ැāļŠි āˇ€āˇāļēෙāļą් āļ‹āļ ්āļ ාāˇ€āļ āļąāļē āˇ€ිāļē āˇ„ැāļšිāļē.

āļ†āļēෝāļĸāļą āļš්āˇ‚ිāļ­ිāļĸāļē: āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠාāļœාāļģ āļļිāļŊ්āļ´āļ­් āˇƒාāļ¸ාāļą්āļēāļēෙāļą් āļˇාāˇ€ිāļ­ා āļšāļģāļąු āļŊāļļāļą්āļąේ āļšෙāļ§ි āļšාāļŊීāļą āļ†āļēෝāļĸāļą āļš්āˇ‚ිāļ­ිāļĸ āˇƒāˇ„ිāļ­ āļ†āļēෝāļĸāļšāļēිāļą් āˇ„ෝ āļ­ාāˇ€āļšාāļŊිāļšāˇ€ āļ¸ුāļ¯āļŊ් āļœාāļŊ් āļšිāļģීāļ¸āļ§ āļ†āļģāļš්āˇ‚ිāļ­ āˇƒ්āļŽාāļąāļēāļš් āˇƒොāļēāļą āļ…āļē āˇ€ිāˇƒිāļąි. āļ’āˇ€ා āļļොāˇ„ෝ āˇ€ිāļ§ āļ†āļēāļ­āļą āˇƒāˇ„ āļ´ුāļ¯්āļœāļŊāļēāļą් āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āļ¯්‍āļģāˇ€āˇීāļŊāļ­ා āļšāˇ…āļ¸āļąාāļšāļģāļĢāļēේ āļ¸ාāļ°්‍āļēāļēāļš් āļŊෙāˇƒ āļˇාāˇ€ිāļ­ා āˇ€ේ. āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠාāļœාāļģ āļļැāļŗුāļ¸්āļšāļģ, āļ’āˇ€ාāļēේ āļ¯ිāļœු āļšāļŊ්āļ´ිāļģීāļ¸āļ­් āˇƒāļ¸āļŸ, āˇƒාāļ¸ාāļą්‍āļēāļēෙāļą් āļ¯ිāļœුāļšාāļŊීāļą āļ†āļēෝāļĸāļą āļ‰āļŊāļš්āļš āļ‡āļ­ි āļ†āļēෝāļĸāļšāļēිāļą් āˇ„ෝ āļ¯ිāļœු āļšාāļŊāļēāļš් āļ´ුāļģා āˇƒ්āļŽාāˇ€āļģ āļ†āļ¯ාāļēāļ¸āļš් āļ…āļ´ේāļš්āˇ‚ා āļšāļģāļą āļ…āļē āˇ€ිāˇƒිāļą් āļˇාāˇ€ිāļ­ා āļšāļģāļąු āļŊැāļļේ.

āļ…āļŊෙāˇ€ිāļšāļģāļĢ āˇ„ැāļšිāļēාāˇ€:
āļ§ී-āļļිāļŊ්āļ´āļ­් āˇƒāˇ„ āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠාāļœාāļģ āļļැāļŗුāļ¸්āļšāļģ āļēāļą āļ¯ෙāļšāļ¸ āļ¯්āˇ€ිāļ­ීāļēිāļš āˇ€ෙāˇ…ෙāļŗāļ´ොāˇ… āļ­ුāˇ… āļ‰āˇ„āˇ… āļ¯්‍āļģāˇ€āˇීāļŊāļ­ාāˇ€āļš් āļ‡āļ­ි āļ…āļ­āļģ āˇƒāļš්‍āļģීāļēāˇ€ āˇ€ෙāˇ…āļŗාāļ¸් āļšෙāļģේ. āļšෙāˇƒේ āˇ€ෙāļ­āļ­්, āļ”āˇ€ුāļą්āļœේ āļšෙāļ§ි āļšāļŊ්āļ´ිāļģීāļ¸ āˇ„ේāļ­ුāˇ€ෙāļą්, T-āļļිāļŊ්āļ´āļ­් āˇƒාāļ¸ාāļą්āļēāļēෙāļą් āļ‰āˇ„āˇ… āˇ€ෙāˇ…āļŗ āļ´āļģිāļ¸ාāˇ€āļą් āˇƒāˇ„ āļąිāļ­āļģ āļąිāļ­āļģ āˇ€ෙāļą්āļ¯ේāˇƒි āˇ€ේ.

āļ…āˇƒ්āˇ€ැāļą්āļą: āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠාāļœාāļģ āļļිāļŊ්āļ´āļ­් āļ’āˇ€ාāļēේ āļšෙāļ§ි āļšāļŊ්āļ´ිāļģීāļ¸ āˇƒāˇ„ āļ…āļŠු āļ…āˇ€āļ¯ාāļąāļ¸ āˇ„ේāļ­ුāˇ€ෙāļą් āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠාāļœාāļģ āļļැāļŗුāļ¸්āļšāļģāˇ€āļŊāļ§ āˇƒාāļ´ේāļš්āˇ‚āˇ€ āļ…āļŠු āļ…āˇƒ්āˇ€ැāļą්āļąāļš් āļŊāļļා āļ¯ෙāļēි. āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠාāļœාāļģ āļļැāļŗුāļ¸්āļšāļģ, āļ”āˇ€ුāļą්āļœේ āļ¯ිāļœු āļšාāļŊීāļą āļšැāļ´āˇ€ීāļ¸ āˇƒāļ¸āļŸ, āļ†āļēෝāļĸāļšāļēිāļą්āļ§ āļ‘āļšāļ­ු āļšāļģāļą āļŊāļ¯ āļ…āˇ€āļ¯ාāļąāļ¸ āˇƒāˇ„ āļ¯ිāļœුāļšාāļŊීāļą āļ…āļģāļ¸ුāļ¯āļŊ් āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āˇ€āļą්āļ¯ි āļœෙāˇ€ීāļ¸ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āļ‰āˇ„āˇ… āļ…āˇƒ්āˇ€ැāļą්āļąāļš් āļŊāļļා āļ¯ීāļ¸āļ§ āļąැāļšුāļģු āˇ€ේ.

āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠාāļœාāļģ āļļිāļŊ්āļ´āļ­් āˇƒāˇ„ āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠාāļœාāļģ āļļැāļŗුāļ¸්āļšāļģāˇ€āļŊ āˇ€ිāˇේāˇ‚āļ­ා āļģāļ§ āļ…āļąුāˇ€ āˇ€ෙāļąāˇƒ් āˇ€ිāļē āˇ„ැāļšි āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ’āˇ€ාāļ§ āļ†āļēෝāļĸāļąāļē āļšිāļģීāļ¸āļ§ āļ´ෙāļģ āļąිāˇƒි āˇƒැāļŊāļšිāļŊ්āļŊāļš් āļ¯āļš්āˇ€āļą්āļą. āˇƒැāļŊāļšිāļŊ්āļŊāļ§ āļœැāļąීāļ¸ āˇ€ැāļ¯āļœāļ­්āļē.





Treasury bills (T-bills) and Treasury bonds are both types of debt securities issued by the government to finance its operations and manage its cash flow. However, there are several significant differences between the two:

Maturity: Treasury bills have a maturity of one year or less, typically ranging from a few days to 52 weeks. On the other hand, Treasury bonds have longer maturities, typically ranging from 10 to 30 years.

Coupon Payments: Treasury bills are issued at a discount to their face value and do not make periodic interest payments. Instead, the investor earns interest by purchasing the bill at a discount and receiving the full face value at maturity. Treasury bonds, on the other hand, pay periodic interest (coupon) payments to the bondholder until maturity, in addition to returning the face value at maturity.

Risk and Return: Treasury bills are generally considered to be the safest form of investment because they are backed by the full faith and credit of the government. As they have shorter maturities, they are also less sensitive to interest rate fluctuations. Treasury bonds, with their longer maturities, carry more interest rate risk. While they are still considered relatively low-risk investments, their prices can fluctuate more in response to changes in interest rates.

Investment Horizon: Treasury bills are commonly used by investors with short-term investment horizons or those seeking a safe place to park cash temporarily. They are often used as a means of liquidity management for institutions and individuals. Treasury bonds, with their longer maturities, are typically used by investors with longer-term investment goals or those looking for fixed income over an extended period.

Marketability: Both T-bills and Treasury bonds are highly liquid and actively traded in the secondary market. However, due to their shorter maturities, T-bills generally have higher trading volumes and more frequent auctions.

Yield: Treasury bills typically offer lower yields compared to Treasury bonds due to their shorter maturities and lower risk. Treasury bonds, with their longer-term commitment, tend to offer higher yields to compensate investors for the added risk and longer tie-up of funds.

It's important to note that the specifics of Treasury bills and Treasury bonds can vary by country, and do due diligence before investing in them.

No comments: