A Guide to Handling an Unresponsive Person

Every Second Counts: A Guide to Handling an Unresponsive Person

When you encounter someone collapsed, your brain likely screams "Help them!" 

But before you dive in, you must follow a systematic approach. 

In the first-aid world, we use the DRSABCD protocol. 

1. The Universal Protocol: DRSABCD

• D – Danger: Is it safe for you to approach? (Check for wires, gas, traffic, or fire).
• R – Response: Tap their shoulders and shout. "Are you okay?"
• S – Send for help: Call emergency services (911, 999, etc.) immediately.
• A – Airway: Is their throat clear?
• B – Breathing: Look, listen, and feel for breath.
• C – CPR: If not breathing, start chest compressions.
• D – Defibrillation: Use an AED if one is available. 

2. Scenario-Specific Do’s and Don'ts

A. Possible Electrocution

The Risk: The body is a conductor. If they are still touching a "live" source, you will be electrocuted the moment you touch them. 

• DO: Turn off the main power switch or breaker if possible. Use a non-conductive object (like a dry wooden broom handle) to move the source away only if you are certain, it is safe.
• DO NOT: Touch the person with your bare hands or a metal object until the power is confirmed off. 

B. Inhaling Noxious Gas (CO, Chemical Fumes)

The Risk: If they passed out from gas, the room is still full of it. If you walk in, you might pass out too. 

• DO: Hold your breath, open windows/doors immediately, and get the person to fresh air only if it doesn't put you at risk.
• DO NOT: Enter a confined space (like a basement or storage tank) if you suspect gas. Call professional rescuers with breathing apparatuses. 

C. Poisonous Animal Bite (Snake, Spider)

The Risk: Venom can spread faster with movement.

• DO: Keep the person as still as possible. Keep the bite site at or below heart level. Note the appearance of the animal if safe to do so.
• DO NOT: Try to "suck out" the venom or apply a tight tourniquet (unless specifically trained for certain neurotoxic snake bites in specific regions). Do not apply ice. 

D. Pre-existing or Unknown Health Condition (Heart Attack, Stroke, Seizure)

The Risk: Aspiration (choking on vomit) or further trauma.

 

• DO: If they are breathing but unconscious, place them in the Recovery Position. If you suspect a seizure, clear the area of hard objects.
• DO NOT: Put anything in their mouth during a seizure. Do not give them water or food if they are semi-conscious, as they may choke. 

E. Self-Inflicted Issues (Overdose, Self-Harm)

The Risk: Potential presence of needles, chemicals, or the person becoming combative upon waking. 

• DO: Be compassionate but cautious. Look for pill bottles or notes to give to EMTs. Ensure their airway stays open.
• DO NOT: Judge or lecture the individual. Do not attempt to "purge" their system or make them vomit unless instructed by poison control. 

3. The "Missing" Essentials: What Most People Forget

The Recovery Position

If the person is breathing but unconscious, you must move them onto their side. This prevents the tongue from blocking the airway and ensures they don't choke if they vomit.

Spinal Awareness

If there is any chance the person fell (e.g., off a ladder or down stairs), do not move them unless they are in immediate danger (like a fire). 

Moving a person with a neck or back injury can cause permanent paralysis. 

Quick Reference Summary

Situation	Top Priority	Biggest "No-No"
Electrocution	Cut the power source.	Touching the victim directly.
Gas Leak	Ventilation and fresh air.	Becoming "Victim #2" by rushing in.
Animal Bite	Immobilize the limb.	Sucking the wound or cutting the skin.
Seizure	Protect the head.	Restraining them or "spoon in mouth."
General	Call emergency services.	Panicking and forgetting your own safety.

This guide is for educational purposes and does not replace professional first-aid training.

I highly recommend readers sign up for a local CPR/First Aid certification course. 

It’s better to know it and not need it than to need it and not know it.